Key Examinations and Lifestyle Factors in Male Fertility

Infertility is defined as the inability of a couple to conceive after one year of regular, unprotected intercourse. Both partners can contribute to fertility problems, so it's important to conduct a thorough evaluation of both the husband and wife from the start of treatment.

For men, a basic test commonly performed is a semen analysis, which helps identify factors that could impact fertility. According to WHO 2010 guidelines, the key aspects to consider include:

• Semen volume: Normally 1.5-5 ml per ejaculation
• Sperm concentration: Normally 15 million/ml
• Total sperm count: At least 39 million per ejaculation
• Morphology: At least 4% of sperm should have normal shape
• Motility: The ability of sperm to swim, with at least 32% moving normally

Common Exposures and Their Impact on Male Fertility

How Is Semen Analysis Performed?

For accurate results, preparation is needed for 3-5 days before the test. The couple should avoid sexual activity during the 3-5 days right before the test.

During the test, sperm is collected in a comfortable room (sperm collection room) at the hospital and then examined under a microscope. In some cases, a follow-up test may be done 2-4 weeks later to confirm any abnormalities.

Lifestyle Habits and Their Impact on Male Fertility

Reference:

1. Mohammad, Yassin Yanuar. Key Examinations and Lifestyle Factors in Male Fertility. Interview, August 2023.
2. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Evaluating Infertility. (https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/evaluating-infertility). Accessed on 16 November 2024.
3. Mayo Clinic. Infertility - Diagnosis and treatment. (https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infertility/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354322). Accessed on 16 November 2024.
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Infertility - Frequently Asked Questions. (https://www.cdc.gov/reproductive-health/infertility-faq/index.html). Accessed on 16 November 2024.
5. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Fertility problems: assessment and treatment. (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554709/). Accessed on 16 November 2024.
6. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Prepregnancy Counseling. (https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2019/01/prepregnancy-counseling). Accessed on 16 November 2024.